Safwat Hassan completed his PhD degree at Queen’s University in the Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Before embarking on his PhD, he worked as a software engineer for ten years at the Egyptian Space Agency, Hewlett Packard, Vodafone Germany and Etisalat. During this period, he worked on different large-scale systems (including web-based and embedded systems), holding a range of project roles (design service, customer support, and R&D) across domains including telecommunications and aerospace.